Experimental Study on Emission Performance of an LPP/TVC

A key issue in the commercial aircraft engine design is environmental acceptability, and designers are continually challenged to reduce emissions. In this paper, an experimental investigation is performed to evaluate the emission performance of a liquid-fueled trapped vortex combustor (TVC) under lean premixed prevaporized (LPP) mode. When operating as an LPP system, a TVC is fueled both in the cavities and in the main stream. The correlations between the emission performance and the total excess air ratio, the positions (4 positions) of the fuel injectors in the main stream, and the inlet temperature are obtained. Experi- mental results show that both the volume concentrations of unburnt hydrocarbon (UHC) and NOx (NO, NO2 usually grouped together as NOx) increase with the increase of total excess air ratio from 1.5 to 3.0; the emission performance relies heavily on the position of the main stream injector, and the best performance is achieved at Position 4 in the experiments; the increase of the inlet temperature impacts on the emission performance positively; the smallest volume concentrations of UHC and NOx obtained in the experiment are 94×10 6 and 2.3×10 6 respectively. This paper validates the feasibility of low emissions for an LPP/TVC and provides a reference for further optimization of TVCs.     

贫预混燃烧室化学反应器网络模型建模及不确定性分析

基于CFD三维数值模拟结果的化学反应器(CRN)网络模型方法具有快速预估燃烧室NOx排放的特点。研究通过CFD数值模拟手段获得了贫预混燃烧室流场、温度场等特征分布,基于燃料空气掺混特性、速度场、温度场、OH分布以及达姆科勒数,燃烧室被离散划分为预热区、火焰锋面区、火焰过渡区、后火焰区、中心回流区以及角回流区,建立了复杂的CRN模型表征燃烧室内部的流动特征和火焰结构。以贫预混燃烧器为对象,与实验结果进行了对比验证。通过敏感性和不确定性分析获得了反应区域停留时间和烟气回流比例等关键参数对NOx排放的影响规律。结果表明:CFD-CRN混合方法更适用于在高当量比条件下贫预混燃烧室NOx排放的快速有效预测。在相同扰动强度的条件下,反应预热区域和火焰锋面区域的停留时间扰动对CRN模型预测NOx的生成量和稳定性影响更显著。CFD-CRN混合方法应明确在较高的绝热火焰温度条件下烟气回流比的准确性计算及其对NOx生成的显著影响。      

Parametric study of turbine NGV blade lean and vortex design

The effects of blade lean and vortex design on the aerodynamics of a turbine entry nozzle guide vane (NGV) are considered using computational fluid dynamics. The aim of the work is to address some of the uncertainties which have arisen from previous studies where conflicting results have been reported for the effect on the NGV. The configuration was initially based on the energy efficient engine turbine which also served as the validation case for the computational method. A total of 17 NGV configurations were evaluated to study the effects of lean and vortex design on row efficiency and secondary kinetic energy. The distribution of mass flow ratio is introduced as an additional factor in the assessment of blade lean effects. The results show that in the turbine entry NGV, the secondary flow strength is not a dominant factor that determines NGV losses and therefore the changes of loading distribution due to blade lean and the associated loss mecha-nisms should be regarded as a key factor. Radial mass flow redistribution under different NGV lean and twist is demonstrated as an addition key factor influencing row efficiency.     

精益管理是低成本航空运营成功的关键——美国西南航空公司运营管理案例分析

随着中国航空市场的逐步开放，国内航空公司之间的竞争将不可避免，通过对低成本航空公司的鼻祖——美国西南航空公司运营管理模式进行研究，认为其成功的核心因素是对精益思想的灵活运用。国内航空公司应坚持以人为本、以安全为前提、以效益为中心，在运营模式和内部管理上不断创新，充分利用高科技，提高营运效率，降低运营成本，消除一切浪费，保证服务质量，努力推出符合市场需求的航空产品，在为旅客提供便捷、创新服务的同时获得高的利润率.     

航空发动机燃烧室熄火特性的研究

在对熄火特性进行深入研究的基础上，运用三维、两相紊流燃烧理论进行了航空发动机燃烧室贫油熄火的数值模拟。采用FLUENT软件计算出不同飞行状态发动机燃烧室发生贫油熄火时的三维速度矢量场、温度场和液滴轨迹，给出贫油熄火的αp-λ分布曲线，并将此结果与试验结果对比，证明了该数值模拟的合理性和可行性。与二维计算相比，三维计算更清晰反映出流场特性。     

航空机载产品多品种小批量生产方式下的组织与管理

对多品种小批量生产方式下的航空机载产品的生产类型、特征及管理重点进行了分析,介绍了适用于多品种小批量生产方式的成组技术、柔性制造、精益制造与管理等现代生产组织管理思想。     

航空发动机高温升燃烧室贫油熄火及冒烟性能研究

高温升燃烧室头部燃烧组织方案设计,以改善高温升燃烧室的贫油熄火边界及冒烟性能。该方案的特点是采用了三旋流器以及双油路复合式喷嘴,设计的主燃区油气分布相当均匀,而回流区内的油气分布是局部富油的。以常规双旋流器+双油路压力雾化喷嘴(旋流杯)燃烧室作为一个基准方案,在相同的进口实验条件下与本研究方案进行了贫油熄火和出口冒烟性能的比较。实验表明,本研究方案与常规的双旋流杯设计方案相比燃烧稳定性好及出口冒烟改善。      

国际空间站有效载荷集成流程分析

国际空间站（ISS）针对有效载荷从论证、研制到随ISS飞行的过程建立了标准集成流程和精益集成流程两种模式,这两种模式互为补充,有效支持了ISS载荷随飞行任务的滚动实施。在有效载荷集成过程中,NASA采用多线并行的方式,其集成流程从理念上不完全等同于传统卫星有效载荷随飞行任务实施的研制流程,并设置有效载荷集成经理,架设有效载荷管理方、研制方和研究团队之间的桥梁。通过对国际空间站有效载荷集成过程的深入分析,提出可供我国空间站有效载荷集成借鉴的经验,如提供快速集成流程、加强有效载荷集成管理、强化有效载荷全寿命周期管理等。     

Hybrid method based on flame volume concept for lean blowout limits prediction of aero engine combustors

The Lean Blowout (LBO) limit is crucial for the aircraft engines. The semi-empirical (such as Lefebvre’s LBO model and Flame Volume (FV) model), numerical and hybrid methods are widely utilized for the LBO limit quick prediction. An innovative hybrid method based on the FV concept is proposed. This method can be classified as a semi-empirical/physical based hybrid prediction method. In this hybrid method, it is assumed that the flame volume varies nearly linearly with the fuel/air ratio near the LBO. The flame volume is obtained directly by the numerical simulation using the threshold value of the visible flame boundary as 900 K. Then the final LBO limits is determined by the FV model. On the premise of keeping the good generality of prediction, the hybrid method based on the FV concept can further improve the prediction accuracy. The comparison with the prediction of the existing available methods on fifteen combustors shows that the hybrid method based on the FV concept achieves better prediction accuracy. The prediction uncertainties between the experimental results and the predicted values by the hybrid method based on the FV concept are within about ±10%.     

贫油直喷三喷嘴模型燃烧室燃烧性能

构建了反向双旋文氏管预混(CDV)三喷嘴矩形模型燃烧室,研究了其燃烧特征及性能.结果表明:火焰近乎全蓝色,类似气体的贫预混燃烧,且在此工况下,CO和NOx换算成15%含氧量(体积分数)下排放的体积分数分别低于10×10-6和50×10-6.此外,研究了进气温度变化对CDV三喷嘴污染物排放的影响,发现CO排放相对NOx更易受到进气温度变化的影响,并分析揭示了产生该现象的原因.另外雾化器的性能极易影响贫油直喷火焰特征;需要改进雾化器的加工工艺以确保在预热工况下它能够保持持续稳定的良好雾化性能.